EQUIPOS ANALITICOS PARA

Analysis

CHEMICAL ANALYSES
Determinations on chemical agents

Acetic acid
Alkalinity of a commercial lime
Ammoniac
Boric acid
Calcium hipochloride
Calcium and magnesium of the common salt
Calcium carbonate
Chlorides in Na₂CO₃ and NaOH
Crystallisation temperature
Density
Formaldehyde
Formic acid
Hydrochloride acid
Hydrogen peroxide
Inflammability point (TAG)
Insoluble in sodium carbonate
Iron in Na₂CO₃, NaOH and Na₂S
Nitric acid
Phosphoric acid
Polyphosphates
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium hydrosulphite
Sodium carbonate
Sodium Chloride
Sodium hipochloride
Sodium metabisulphite
Sodium nitrite
Titanium oxide wealth
Sulphuric acid
Sodium bicarbonate
Sodium bisulphite
Sodium sulphidrate
Sodium sulphide
Sulphates in Ca(OH)₂, Na₂CO₃, NaOH, Na₂S and HCOOH

Analysis of tanning substances and residual tanning baths

Acid value (Acidity)
Tannins of vegetal extract: tannins, non-tannins, insoluble total solids, soluble solids, ashes, pH
Complete tannin analysis of vegetal tanned residual bath: previous analysis tannins, density, salts, acid value.
Chromium liquor or salt alkalinity
Conductivity
Organic components
Inorganic components
Qualitative and quantitative composition of a solvent (CG)
Colorant concentration (UV spectrophotometer)
Gas chromatography of liquids products.
Chromium in a tanning residual bath.
Chromium, by atomic absorption spectrophotometer.
Density in Beaumé degrees (ºBé)
Liquid chromatogram determination
Particle size determination (COULTER)
Product Infrared determination (IR-FT).
Phenol in a synthetic product.
Insoluble matters
Ammoniac nitrogen, by distillation – Method Kjeldhal -.
Organic and ammoniac nitrogen, by digestion and distillation (NTK).
Quantitative aluminium oxide,
Semi-quantitative aluminium oxide.
Zirconium oxide.
Calorific power
Delime power.
Dry residue (=Total solids).
Enzymatic wealth (Löhlein-Volhard units).
Salts on a bath or tanning liquor.
Speed dissolution

Oils and fats

Mineral oils
Water, by Dean-Stark.
Fatty acid composition, by gas chromatography.
Colorants chromatography.
Fats chromatography
Oil oxidation test (12 h to 102ºC)
Saponification index
Iodine index (Hanus Method).
Matter grease
Turbidity point.
Emulsionables and non-emulsionables grease matter (Panzer-Niebuer Method).

BIOLOGYCAL TESTS

Antiseptic activity
Total Aerobes a 22ºC
Total Aerobes a 37ºC
Leather antiseptic presence (biocide and fungicide)
Bacteria presence
Fungi presence
Microscopic observation (Biomass)

WATER AND RESIDUES ANALYSIS

Oils and fats.
Alkalinity
AOX – Absorbable Organic Halogens
Carbonate-bicarbonates
Soluble total organic carbon (TOC)
Free or active chlorine of a brine
Chlorides concentration
Conductivity
Oxygen concentration and temperature
Chromium (III) concentration.
Chromium (VI), by spectrophotometer UV-Visible
Oxygen Biological Demand (D.B.O)
Oxygen Chemical Demand (D.Q.O)
Density analysis
Protein determination
Total hardness
Rotating evaporation
Phenol (index), by spectrophotometer UV-Visible
Fluorides concentration
Formaldehyde, by spectrophotometer UV-Visible
Total phosphorus, by spectrophotometer UV-Visible
Soluble phosphorus, by spectrophotometer UV-Visible
Insoluble in dissolution (resins).
Insoluble matters
Suspension matters (M.E.S)
Sedimentable matters, by "Conus Inhoff".
Inhibiting matters (MI) with Microtox.
Metals, by atomic absorption spectrophotometer (A.A.S): Al, As, Cd, Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Mn, Hg, Ni, Pb, K, Na, Zn.
Nitrates, by spectrophotometer UV-Visible
Nitrites, by spectrophotometer UV-Visible
Ammoniac nitrogen, by distillation - Kjeldahl method –
Organic and ammoniac nitrogen, by digestion and distillation – Kjeldahl (NTK) Method-
pH value
Dry residue (=Total solids)
Soluble salts (S.O.L)
Soluble silica (semi-quantitative)
Total solids in dissolution
Sulphates concentration
Sulphides concentration
Superficial tension
Detergents anionic, by spectrophotometer UV-Visible
Detergents non ionic, by spectrophotometer UV-Visible
Total Organic Matter 500ºC
Resistant Organic Matter 800ºC
Suspended volatile matters of a mixture liquor (MVLSS)
Suspended matters of a mixture liquor (MLSS)
Total nitrogen on dry sample
Leaching analysis

LEATHER ANALYSIS
Chemical Tests

Aromatic amines
Soluble sodium chloride
Soluble chromium, by atomic absorption spectrophotometer
Inner tanned vegetal leather (method with Acetic acid)
Solvents by Gas Chromatography with Head Space
Formaldehyde emission (PV 3925)
Formaldehyde emission (Aenor NFG52212)
Soluble nickel, by atomic absorption spectrophotometer
IUC- 2. Sampling
IUC- 3. Sample preparation by grinding
IUC- 4. Determination of substances (Fats and Other Solubles) –Soluble in Dichloromethane / Hexane / Ethanol
IUC- 5. Determination of Volatile Matter
IUC- 6. Determination of Water Soluble Organic and Inorganic Matters
IUC- 7. Determination of Sulphated Total Ash and Sulphated Water Insoluble Ash
IUC- 8. Determination of Chromic oxide
IUC-10. Determination of Nitrogen and Hide Substance
IUC-11. Determination of pH value and Difference Figure of an Aqueous Extract
IUC-16. Determination of Aluminium oxide.
IUC-18. Determination of Chromium (VI) content
Pentachlorophenol (PCP), by gas chromatography.
Leather substance, tanning index and combined tannins.

Physical Tests

Abrasion test. ISO-4649 (DIN-53516, AF G62-001, BS903, UNI-8615, UNE-9185).
Abrasion test "MARTINDALE"
Abrasion test "TABER"
Water absorption
AF G62003. Non permeable Dynamic test, more than 3 h.
Capillarity
Thermal cycle (-30ºC to 100ºC)
Colour to dilutions 1:40/ 1:30/ 1:20
Contraction by heat
Crude density (weight and thickness) (for upholstery)
EN-344/92. Water steam absorption and water steam coefficient.
EN-344/92. Water absorption and elimination.
EN-344/92. Penetration / transmission and water absorption.
Shrinkage temperature and % of shrinking
Ageing by heat, 168 h. to 80ºC.
Ageing by heat, 30 days to 50ºC + Dry flexion (30000 cycles)
Flexibility study
PV 3900. Scent
GME. Softness Test
GME. Low temperatures resistance. Folding and Bend test.
Finished thickness UNE 59-033-92
IUP- 2. Sampling
IUP- 3. Conditioning
IUP- 4. Measurement of Thickness
IUP- 5. Measurement of Apparent Density
IUP- 6. Measurement of Tensile Strength and Percentage Elongation
IUP- 7. Measurement of Static Water Absorption. Kubelka
IUP- 8. Measurement of Tearing Load
IUP- 9. Measurement of Distension and Strength of Grain by the Ball Burst Test (flexible and heavy leathers)
IUP-10. Water Resistance Test for Flexible Leathers
IUP-11. Dynamic Waterproofness Test for Boot and Shoe Sole Leather
IUP-12. Measurement of Resistance to Grain Cracking
IUP-13. Measurement of Two-Dimensional extension
IUP-15. Measurement of Water Vapour Permeability
IUP-16. Measurement of Shrinkage Temperature
IUP-20. Measurement of Flexing Endurance of Light Leathers and Their Surface Finishes
IUP-33. "Fogging test"
IUP-35. Heat Resistance of Industrial Glove Leather
IUP-36. Measurement of Leather Softness
Dry Washing
Shrinking Percentage (10 h at 90ºC)
Boiling Test (% length shrinking)
Low Temperatures Resistance -Folding and Bend Test at -30ºC-
Water Resistance
Thermal Resistance
Tropical test (7 days or 14 days to 70ºC, 95% HR)

Solidity Tests

Crockmetter
D4705:93 Tearing Load Resistance - Punch Test
Colour variation by heat treatment (at 120ºC)
IUF-401. Colour Fastness of Leather to Daylight
IUF-402. Colour Fastness of Leather to Xenon lamp
Colour solidity to ultraviolet light NFG52300
IUF-420. Colour Fastness of Leather to Water Spotting
IUF-421. Colour Fastness of Leather to Water (Hydrotest)
IUF-423. Colour Fastness of Leather to Water Washing
IUF-423. Colour Fastness of Leather to the Soap Washing
IUF-426. Colour Fastness of Leather Perspiration (sweat)
IUF-434. Fastness to Dry-cleaning of Small Samples
IUF-435. Fastness of Leather to Machine Washing
IUF-442. Colour Fastness of Leather in Respect of Satining Plasticised Poly (vynilchloride)
IUF-450. Colour Fastness of Leather to To and Fro Rubbing: in dry, humid, artificial sweat, soap, gasoline, oil, solvents
IUF-470. Adhesion to Finish